History Of The Bahai Faith Religion Essay

History Of The Bahai Faith Religion Essay The Bahai Faith is an autonomous monotheistic religion. The Bahai Faith is an autonomous religion as in it has its own sacred writings, own laws, own blessed days just as its own schedule. This confidence is known to be one of the quickest developing religion on the planet and is spread to at any rate 250 free countries on the planet. The Bahai Faith speaks to around 2112 ethnic and innate gatherings and is made out of the same number of as more than 6,000,000 individuals who have pronounced themselves as supporters of the Bahai Faith. This confidence is particular as far as the decent variety of the devotees of the confidence. The Bahai Faith is a worldwide religion as the devotees originate from various social, ethnic, expert and social class foundation. The subsequent figure, Bahaullah (Glory of God) was known to be the organizer of the Bahai Faith. Bahaullah was conceived as Mirza Husayn-Ali Nuri in Tehran, Persia who was the child of an unmistakable Iranian aristocrats. He was one of Babs first educates just as the most famous one. In his 20s, he denied a real existence loaded up with riches, benefit and high social remaining so as to join the Babis and battle for philanthropic rights. At the point when the Babis were being oppressed after the demise of the Bab, Bahaullah likewise endured and was tossed into the Siyah-Chal which is a dark pit. It was during his detainment here where he got disclosures through a lady from God of him being a Messenger of God and him being the prophet of which the Bab had anticipated. While the majority of the Babis were being slaughtered, he was saved and discharged from jail however he was therefore ousted from Iran by the administration. Bahaullah then advanced toward Baghdad and started the journ ey to restore the Babi people group there. Because of this, he was again ousted to Constantinople however before his flight, he uncovered to his supporters that he was the sign of God. This occurrence denoted the introduction of the Bahai Faith. After his stay in Constantinople, he was again approached to leave for Adrianople, Turkey. Here, he straightforwardly uncovered his case of being the delivery person of God and started declaring his station transparently to the world at a bigger scope. It was here likewise when Bahaullah sent a progression of letters to the main rulers of his chance to illuminate them about his confidence. The rulers included Pope Pius IX and Queen Victoria. Bahaullah was in this way sent to Akka which is the cutting edge Acre, Israel. His last years were spent here however before his passing, he doled out and proclaimed his child, Abdul-Baha as the Center of the Covenant, replacement and mediator of Bahaullahs works. The third figure, Abdul-Baha known as the Servant of God was the most established child of Bahaullah and the replacement of the pioneer of the Bahai people group. His arrangement was expressed in the desire of Bahaullah. Abdul-Baha was conceived as Abbas Effendi in Tehran. His introduction to the world was unique as that day denoted the beginning of the crucial the Bab. From an exceptionally youthful age, he encountered the sufferings of outcast and detainment close by his dad. Under his initiative, the Bahai Faith extended past the Middle East and discovered its approach to Europe just as North America.

What factors do designers and programmers need to take into account in Essay

What components do planners and software engineers need to consider in other to make website pages as easy to use as conceivable Examine ways that we page creators can ease choices making by clients - Essay Example Other than getting business introduction and drawing in clients, an expert site likewise gives a ton of other important advantages to any business or an organization. A portion of these advantages incorporate expanded business believability, expanded volume of deals through pulling in more clients, empowering a business to arrive at universal market, improved and productive client assistance through online gatherings, and decreased business activity’s working expense. Discussing sites and their significance in the realm of organizations, let’s become acquainted with why easy to use sites are increasingly well known among clients and the clients and how would they end up being useful for the organizations. The primary explanation behind creating easy to use sites is simplicity of association between the site and its clients. In the event that an organization makes a site which is exceptionally substantial or complex in nature, it won't just burn through valuable time of the clients however will likewise bring about less efficiency for the organization. It is on the grounds that clients are the principle wellspring of profitability for any organization and if the clients don't get pulled in towards an organization, it can never accomplish its ideal objectives and goals. So it is significant for an organization to be client arranged. On the off chance that an organization does an online business, it ought to make such a site for item showcasin g which ought to have the option to draw in clients. What's more, this objective must be accomplished through making an easy to use site. There are a great deal of elements and issues which ought to be thought of while intending to make an easy to use site. These components incorporate appearance of a site, route and controls, access to pages, format and structure, and download speed. In the event that anybody of these elements is sidelined during the procedure of site improvement, the essential objective of making an easy to use site can never be accomplished. Appearance is one of the most significant components to be thought of while

How to Write a Research Paper Introduction

How to Write a Research Paper Introduction Tips on How to Write a Research Paper Introduction Home›Tips for Students›Tips on How to Write a Research Paper Introduction Tips for StudentsCompleting a High-profile Introduction for a Research PaperHowever difficult the research might be, sometimes writing an introduction takes much effort. This part is crucial as it prepares a reader for the further explicate information on the topic. While there are no concrete instructions to the length of the section, it should be suitable for the type of writing you undertake. An introduction is in charge of presenting your topic, give reasoning for the investigated theme, and contextualize it in terms of its position in the branch of science. A well-composed introduction leads the way for the coming information, makes a reader curious and states a hypothesis.How to Write a Research Paper IntroductionComposing an introduction, you should be aware of the things it is going to achieve. First of all, you have to provide a reader with some b ackground information, which will definitely work for easier apprehension of the theme. Additionally, you should explain why you have opted for this subject matter and why resolving it may be useful.You won’t find any limitations according to the number of words in the introduction, but remember that it should be brief and laconic. It is an all-encompassing showcase of the whole paper, which is why many professors advise to write it last.It would be also a nice idea to develop an introduction with the help of an outline. The introduction reviews a whole paper, but it doesn’t touch the issues to be solved. You just narrow the topic and elucidate the points to be in the center of attention in a paper.No less important, you should care about the target audience. Keep in mind that people who are going to evaluate your research paper are mostly professors and other experts in the field of science.Disclose the topic of your writing.This is a win-win variant to begin with a couple of s entences, which put out a subject of the research and set forth the questions to be confronted. It will help you light the sparkle of interest in a reader and evoke a will to read further. Firstly, you mention a wider problem and then indicate a more specific issue to be discovered.Mention key words.It is vital to make a reference to the key words of your paper. Publishing the research, you will be required to compile a huge list of key words for the sake of quick indication of the branch of science and problem discussed. In the same manner, a reader will be able to quickly orient in your writing.Clarify the most important terms and concepts.Do not omit this point as it may happen that a reader is not acquainted with a term and it will be impossible for him or her to understand your argumentation. To be secure from such things, you should present the explanation of the mentioned concepts.Use creative techniques to catch reader’s attention.Such fields as social science and humaniti es give some freedom to apply literary methods in the paper writing process. Most commonly, students start with a quotation or an anecdote that denotes the topic of essay and highlights the aspect to be communicated. The technique is called the inverted triangle and efficaciously deals with the task of attracting readers’ attention. Yet you should be very careful picking an appropriate anecdote as it should be truly relevant.Review the literature in a few words.Judging from the length of your essay, you need to overlook the already developed scientific words on the subject chosen. If you take notice of the past and nowadays stages of the problem development, it will show that you have covered enough material while investigating the issue and that you are well-versed in it. What it more, it means that you can debate with other scientists and your research is competitive.Highlight your contribution with the help of literature review.Examining existing publications on your topic, you should demonstrate the place of your own research in the scientific world. Make a smooth shift to discussion of your own paper and tell what valuable income it has brought.Tell why your paper is practical and timely.You have stated a broader context of the topic and now it is time to be definitive and reasonable. Give evidence that your research is a truly valuable piece of writing that makes difference in the perception of the problem. Trust your reader and reveal strengths and weaknesses of the paper. Do not present everything in perfect light, as it is obvious that you may have faced some difficulties, which can be crucial for proper understanding of the special nature of the subject.Indicate the questions you are going to answer in your paper.Make a list of subtopics you are going to deal with. Make a clear division of the tasks you intend to accomplish. Stating a particular question is a good way to show the things you are planning to investigate. This goal can also be achieve d through literature review and frames of your research.Make a thesis statement.Once a reader is roughly aware of the subject matter, you should draw a line presenting a hypothesis. It is a clear announcement of the concrete issue you are going to work on and the outline of your future contributions in the field. It should be clear and debatable.Put briefly the structure of your research paper.Make a review on the organization of the paper; for instance, tell about the section division. This final step is very important as it demonstrates your abilities to process information and lead a reader giving the main points of your writing.Addressing a question ‘how to write an introduction for a research paper?’, you should follow the mentioned tips and try to keep it all brief. You should show your passion for the investigation and encourage a reader in this way. Moreover, be creative within measure in order not to sound to literary. Logic and sound argumentation is the best ingredien t of scientific writing.

Choosing An Occupation Of The United States - 1406 Words

Introduction – Choosing an occupation can be based on a number of factors including personal interests, educational attainment, or family tradition. Farming is a profession that has existed for many years in practically every country in the world. It is required to produce commodities that are needed for human consumption such as meats, vegetables, and animal by products like dairy and eggs. The U.S. Census describes a farm as any establishment which produced and sold, or normally would have produced and sold, $1,000 or more of agricultural products during the year. The Census states that there are over 2.2 million farms in the United States. In spite of the predominance of family farms, there is strong evidence of a trend toward†¦show more content†¦Despite there being over 313,000,000 people living in the United States, there are less than 1% who claim farming as an occupation (and about 2% actually live on farms). In 2007, only 45% of farmers claimed farming a s their principal occupation and a similar number of farmers claiming some other principal occupation. The growing population will require more people to pursue a career in farming to meet the demand of agricultural products. Like other occupations, farming requires a level of skill and financial capital before one can begin to start an operation. Educational Issue – The majority of farms in the U.S. are owned and operated by individuals or families with the rest being either partnerships or corporate farms. Many farm families have formed modest-sized corporations to take advantage of legal and accounting benefits of that type of business enterprise. One reason for this business organization is that farm production expenses average $109,359 per year per farm. The high operating expenses of a farm make it very difficult to produce enough income to meet living expenses. In fact, less than 1 in 4 of the farms in this country produce gross revenues in excess of $50,000. Much like the manufacturing field, the U.S. farm population has declined and the average age of farmers continues to rise. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, about sixty percent of the farmers in the

The Middle Assyrian Laws - 1035 Words

The Middle Assyrian Laws are a selection of laws also known as the Code of the Assyrians. They are composed in the wedge shaped writing system of ancient Mesopotamia. There are only twenty-eight given in the source but the actual number of codes in the society is uncertain. The codes listed are out of order and many numbers are missing. The documents were written in Akkadian, one of the earliest Semitic languages, in the Middle Assyrian dialect. The particular author of these codes is unknown. The existing copies though were apparently edited during the reign of the Assyrian king Tiglath- pileser I. The texts were found during the excavation of the site of Qal’at Shergat (ancient Assur) in northern Iraq in the early twentieth century. The existing copies number about fifteen tablets, one of which is duplicated by a copy that dates to the Neo – Assyrian period, around 900-612 BCE. The relationship of the document to each other is unclear. The evidence as to why these wer e written and whom they directly affect is not clear. The laws primarily target the relationship between male and female. The significance of the source is ambiguous, but based off of the time in history and people targeted in the law codes, the people who lived here were men and woman in relationships with one another. The codes explain the consequences, rules, and way of life in this time period. The clear audience for this document is woman. Each law is directed at men and women who interact with eachShow MoreRelatedThe And The Middle Assyrian Laws1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe Middle Assyrian Laws are a collection of laws that were put together for the people of Mesopotamia, although the author is unknown. These codes of law were originally written in Akkadian, one of the earliest Semitic languages. The excerpts are from the Code the Assyrians, which was made in 1075 BCE. According to the document, They were found during the twentieth century in ancient Assur (currently Northern Iraq) at the site of Qal’ at Shergart. These laws are significant because they implementedRead MoreRole of Women in Ancient Mesopotamia Essays1194 Words   |  5 Pagesthe struggling role of women from this early period of civilization through Assyrian law, a palace decree, and Hammurabi’s Code. The first text that is mentioned by Reilly, is that titled, Assyrian law. These codes tell us many things about the role of women in early civilization. The following code comes from two official documents that were from an empire based in Mesopotamia as far back as 1,100 B.C.E. The Assyrian law which will be discussed first, gives knowledgeable understanding of the attitudesRead MoreThe Worlds First Army1525 Words   |  7 Pages Assyrian War Techniques Assyria’s humble beginnings originated in a small trading community in the city of Ashur, in modern day Iraq. Nestled on the banks of the Tigris River with access to merchants, trade, and agricultural stability Ashur was named and supposedly founded by Noah’s son after the Great Flood. It was here that Assyria started its branching of power and influence to spread its conquests as far south as Egypt and as far east as Asia Minor. The Assyrian Army, along with its numerousRead MoreHistory Is Only What Someone Wrote Down1528 Words   |  7 Pagestheir assigned roles especially in the case of women. One would be mistaken though, in thinking that all ancient societies viewed women’s roles in the same light. â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh†, â€Å"Hammurabi’s Code† and â€Å"Assyrian Law† shows that the ancient Mesopotamians, Babylonians and Assyrians all had a different opinion of a woman’s role in society. Surprisingly enough, the old est of these societies, the Mesopotamians, had the most liberating and positive view of women as shown through their survivingRead MoreThe Study of Hebrew Diaspora1669 Words   |  7 Pagesuntil it was defeated by the Assyrians in 722 B.C.E. About a century later, Babylonia took over the southern kingdom (586 B.C.E.). One can easily attribute the direct cause of the Jewish Diaspora to the Assyrians and Babylonians conquering Israel and Judah, respectively. 586 B.C.E., the year when the Babylonians conquered Judah, is the official start date of the Jewish Diaspora. However, the Jewish Diaspora truly starts earlier with the Assyrians. In 722 B.C.E., the Assyrians weren’t satisfied with simplyRead MoreThe Influence Of The Paleolithic Period And The Neolithic Period923 Words   |  4 Pagessolstice began and the summer solstice began. 2.Two similarities between Sumerian and Assyrian sculptures would be that they both resemble some type of religious purposes and they both included relief sculptures that they used to remember something. The Sumerians religious sculptures were used to stand in place for worship and represented ones self. The figures usually had broad hips, and heavy legs. The Assyrian sculptures were much more scary, they usually included stone guardian monsters that wereRead MoreThe Assyrian Emperor s Resume : Ferocious Conquests A Specialty By Ashur Nasir Pal II1190 Words   |  5 Pagesfear into the hearts of thousands who oppose the Assyrian Empire. â€Å"An Assyrian Emperor’s Resume: Ferocious Conquests a Specialty† remains a paragon of these unspeakable tragedies transpiring around 875 B.C. Written by Ashur-Nasir-Pal II (or one of his subjects), this anecdote highlights his conquests as he claims ancient cities’ wealth, while brutally murdering foreign people and destroyi ng their lands. Geographically, the story takes place in the Middle East, specifically North Mesopotamia. AccordingRead MoreThe Savagery Of The Islamic State1502 Words   |  7 Pagesbeliefs. With this in mind, it is important to appreciate Islamic ideals and not sort them into the objectives of the Islamic State. (Losano) For months, the Islamic State has violated the rights of thousands of Iraqis and Syrians. The Yazidis and the Assyrians have been the main victims of ISIL, along with the Shia Muslims, because of their â€Å"satanic† beliefs. How severe is the violence? Well, al-Qaeda thought it was â€Å"too† excessive. (Bird) ISIS does not just kill people-they torture, mutilate, rob, andRead MoreBetween 2300 Bce To 476 Bce, Every One Of Those Regions1533 Words   |  7 Pagesthe divine that mythic combat was based off and would be constantly reenacted by the pharaohs until victory maintaining cosmic balance of the universe. Overall, there is a high level of cruelty in battle and would be carried on to captives. Old and Middle kingdom of Egypt would have extreme cruelty treatment of POWs, took part in martial cannibalism, and personal revenge is a positive moral consideration. The new kingdom showed a minor shift in thinking and during this time brutality became more ofRead MoreThe O rigins Of Western Civilization1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe early history of Western Civilization began in the middle east approximately five thousand years ago, and slowly moved west into Europe. Tis history is highlighted by the rise of many different kingdoms and empires, each with contribution to modern western culture. The following essay will describe the Ancient Greece, the Assyrians and the Ancient Roman, and the legacy each has the study of western civilization. Between 1100 and 387 BCE, the Greeks evolved from a very primitive agricultural

Business in China Free Essays

November 29th, 2012 International Business Doing Business in China The role of government when doing business in China is very important. It is especially important if you are from a different country, such as the United States, because the approaches to dealing with the government are much different. There are many factors in which should be considered when dealing with business related issues with the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Business in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now These include whether or not your business strategies go along with the plan the government has for Chinas development, understanding how the Chinese government interfaces with your business, and also how to deal with pressures from the government when they want you to do things you and your business don’t want to do. (Palne, 2010). A major mistake foreigners often make when dealing with the Chinese government for business is that they think they can gain government support with money and connections to people in higher positions. Working with government isn’t a matter of periodically wining and dining the right officials or reacting when policies change; it must be a central part of the strategic planning process. † (Palne, 2010, pg. 104) The role of culture when doing business in China is important if you want to be successful. When going to a foreign country to do business, it is essential that you learn the norms of the culture because they can be very differe nt compared to where you are from. â€Å"A US company must learn the local business etiquette and norms. The correct protocol can actually be learned from the Chinese themselves. As previously stated, humility is a powerful tool in China. Accordingly, a US company must be open to learning from the local Chinese. † (Chapman, J. Xu, W, 2008, pg. 9) The business dynamics are not going to be the same so you have to become familiar with environment to ensure that you are doing business properly within the Chinese culture. In China, personal relationships are very important when dealing with business. â€Å"With many layers of bureaucracy and personal interests to deal with, China is not a place where individuals function alone. As a result, the whole pattern of business relationships in China is different from the West. Although the Chinese are generally polite, suspicion and distrust characterize all meetings with strangers. Moreover, China has a history of hostile relationships with foreigners. † (Chapman, J. Xu, W, 2008, pg. 9) Being from a different country when doing business is already an obstacle, and having to gain the trust and form a good relationship with local business owners makes it more difficult. China is a fast growing economy and is a great place for a business looking for an opportunity to grow. There are many different reasons in why a company would want to move and do business in China. A major reason why many companies from the United States move to China to do business is because of the low-cost work force. A low cost workforce means that the wages for the workers in China are significantly lower than compared to those in the United States, translating into a substantial amount of financial savings for a business. â€Å"China also has an economy that has been growing 9 to 10 percent for years, and a vast market, including a rising middle class. U. S. and other foreign importers and exporters can also benefit from China’s strong port infrastructure and the abundance of container services linking China with the rest of the world. † (Armbruster, 2007, pg. 7) Starting a business in China is also a great opportunity to expand your business internationally. If you want to connect with a different area, China is definitely a strong place to go. When doing business in China, there are many risks associated with it. Although there are ample opportunities to succeed, it is also very challenging to do so. The things that make doing business in China so challenging is that you have to not only worry about your company doing well, but you also have to worry about government and cultural issues. If the government is not in support of your business, it can make it very difficult to do well in China because government support is so important. There are also corrupt government officials that you potentially have to deal with. â€Å"There are a hundred corrupt officials who go unpunished for each one who is punished. (Armbruster, 2007, pg. 9) If that statement is even somewhat true, there has to be a large amount of corruption between officials which can go positively if you are doing business the wrong way but can also have negative effects. Having a China strategy is very important. A China strategy is a plan on how you are going to move your business into China and be successful. A China strategy is important because you have to know how to enter a market when going into a new environmen t, especially one as different as China’s. China is no longer a third world country or an emerging economy. As the second largest and fastest growing economy in the world, soon to overtake the United States, it is a genuine force to be reckoned with. Within the past few years there has been a remarkable development inside China and the establishment of a significant middle class. † (Watson, 2011, pg. 51) You have to be able to know what you are going to do with your business once you are in China. You also have to have a backup plan in case you need to remove your company for any reason. What I found most interesting about doing business in China is the many different things you have to deal with compared to doing business in the United States. In China, the government is very involved and if you are not getting support from them, then it makes it very hard to do well. â€Å"Many CEOs chafe at stalled negotiations and bureaucratic interference when they should be figuring out how to work with Chinese authorities. That’s critical; in most industries, it’s impossible to do well in China without the government’s backing. † (Palne, 2010, pg. 05). Another thing I found interesting is the opportunity to start a business in China. I knew that they were a fast growing market but I did not know that they were developing so largely, only second behind the United States. Another thing I found interesting is why so much business is still moving to China even though it is heavily government controlled and there is a high level of corruption. You would think that there would be another country that you could find but at the rate China is growing, it is hard not to want to do business there. How to cite Business in China, Essay examples Business in China Free Essays Would US companies be better suited trying to â€Å"go it alone† in China or to partner with a company that will provide tangible assets and other services for the US-based MNC? What stumbling blocks might exist when partnering with a company in China? After reading the article I believe that a US company will partner up with a company that will provide them with tangible assets and other services. As the fastest-growing major economy in the world, China continues to offer global companies attractive investment and business opportunities. However, doing business in China also means navigating the complexities that arise from China’s unique historical, political, and cultural contexts (Burkitt, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Business in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Establishing a company in China can be a trying and tedious task requiring elaborate approval and registration procedures. Despite the challenges, leading US companies are succeeding in China by developing collaborative relationships with Chinese stakeholders and demonstrating the agility to continuously adapt their strategies to the country’s dynamic environment. Applying for approvals from various authorities is common in China. Navigating China’s complex business and regulatory environment to submit the applications to the right channels is an extremely tedious process that the enlightened businessman would rather leave to a partner in China. These companies are positioning themselves for long-term success by embracing the Chinese proverb qiu tong cun yi, which means â€Å"seeking similarities while respecting differences. † In doing so, they are co-opting China’s long-term interest in stability and prosperity into their business strategies, China investment regulations and compliance issues (Chu, nd). China is doing business more and more the American way, but non-Chinese executives still must work hard at building trust in relationships with their Chinese business partners. Chinese business strategy has changed a lot, and they adopt western practices (Chau, 2012). Cultural misunderstandings and stereotypes are one of the main causes of business failures, when doing business overseas. You should be able to share your vision and enthusiasm, with a good partner, who can bring expertise in the areas in which you are inexperienced. Having a partner from China with a good reputation and should be someone who understands the legal and financial responsibilities endemic to sharing a business, most importantly, it should be someone who has a good relationship base business culture of China; it might be advantageous to learn about some basics of the Chinese language, culture, history, and geography (Csanad, nd). If done so, your Chinese potential business partners will take you much more seriously, and you will have more chance of being able to get the business with whom you get along and also to keep up with frequent regulatory changes can prove daunting for businesses. There are some barriers in doing business in China, because we must learn the cultural and religious differences. One con is that most Chinese business activities and deals are made through face to face interactions. To successfully launch a business in China you will need to travel to china and meet with your partners and employers unlike in the US they will do meetings on the phone and via webcam. A pro, which can still be part of barriers, is that having a Chinese company as a partner they can help you with land and buildings, because they know the country and where the best place would be the con to that is that you have to rely on someone else, to do the leg work with you. Another barrier is that the US likes to work direct and have upfront communication while the Chinese are the opposite; they are indirect and try to avoid accountability for making business decisions, the US always like to take accountability and deal with things head on. A barrier that must be overcome is that American’s tend to be overly friendly, patting each other on the back and saying good job, whereas in China that is not done, patting someone in the back can be construed as aggressive and insulting. I have to say that the barriers can be overcome, but it will take time, it’s just a matter of getting use to the cultural differences. This will take time, but it can be achieved. How to cite Business in China, Papers

To Balance Technological Development an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

To Balance Technological Development Vis-Ã  -vis Growth and Profitability BACKGROUND OF THE CASE iPremier is one of the top two electronic commerce retailing businesses with a commendable pattern of growth. The overall management structure of the company is sound and impeccable. Its stock position, surviving the NASDAQ 2000 downfall, held comfortably steady hence. The level of satisfaction of its executive, employees and customers are sustainable. The technical and technological structure of iPremier is well provided for. It has an outsourced host and colocation support. iPremiers relationship with QData has been a long-standing satisfactory affair. Need essay sample on "To Balance Technological Development Vis--vis Growth and Profitability" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Until that one early morning when iPremiers 3-month old Chief Information Officer, Bob Turley, was awaken from a business trip in New York City by one of iPremiers operations crew, Leon Ledbetter, with an alerting problem that iPremiers website cannot be accessed. Within a few hours that market will commence, their customers might not be able to conduct business with them. A hacking into the systems of iPremier is highly suspected. THE INCIDENCE As instantenously looked into and being analyzed by iPremiers Technical Operations Team Leader, Joanne Ripley initially surmised to Turley that the continuous one-liner e-mails that says ha keep appearing in their systems. Ripley and Ledbetter could not diagnose behind their firewall via the T1 line therefore they suspect a connectivity problem in QData, meaning, a possible problem outside the perimeter of the architecture of iPremier. But they do not see any connectivity problem into and out of the building of QData People Usually Tell EssayLab support:Who wants to write essay for me?Essay writers propose:Order Papers On Essaylab.ComBuy Essays Online Do My Essay Buy College Papers Essay Writing Service What Ripley initially learned is that the emails are coming through an anonymizer. The preliminary thought of Ripley is to unplug the server soon she gets to QData offices. But it will take sometime to put their systems back together after unplugging. Yet, Turley and Ripley are worried about infiltration of customer data and credit cards data. After the initial and brief exchange of Turley and Ripley, the subsequent briefings he held with iPremiers CEO, Jack Samuelson; VP Business Development Warren Spangler and Legal Counsel, Peter Stewart the unanimous decision is to pull the plug and avert a public raucous soon as markets awaken and iPremier experience a backlash on their stocks and market standing. What Turley eventually had to do was to consult iPremiers Chief Technology Officer, Tim Mandel that will enable him to come to a final conclusion then achieve a unanimous decision with his peer executives. Mandel hesitates on pulling the plug because logging data might be lost. And such logging data will be crucial to truly analyze the depth of what happened. It will serve as evidence to enable them to evaluate the big picture of the problem with QData, and, yes, with iPremier Chief Executive Officer. It is therefore imminent that the hacking incidence be thoroughly analyzed because if iPremier does not get to know what really happened, it can happen again. And not knowing what happened, iPremier will not be truly capable of what to disclose to the public. Besides, Mandel believes there is however little effect preserved logs because detailed logging is enabled because it takes a lot of disk space on the server. To pursue detailed logging will require investment on additional storag e arrays and the finance executives of iPremier are cold to the idea. Therefore, the investigation of the incidence might produce mediocre analysis to support further solutions desired or courses of action. Finally, Ripley having gotten into the server console of QData discovered a flood of synchronized conversation from multiple sites directed at the router that runs the iPremiers firewall service. There are 30 sites that the hack is coming from which spells to a classic distributed denial of service attack. Ripley decided to shut down traffic from the addresses of the internet providers. A denial of service attack does not necessarily mean an intrusion. Thus, the customer data and credit card data of iPremier are still safe. Although, Ripley contends that a denial of service attack and an intrusion may not necessarily be exclusive. Finally, Ripley reported to Turley that amazingly she just saw that the attack stopped just like that and the website of iPremier is back in the fold of servicing their customers without any trace of the incidence having transpired. Of course Ripley and Turley decided to really sit down and sort out what really happened and come to fore as to what should be done for once and for all to the seeming deterrence of existing technical architecture of iPremier. ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS AND CAUSES iPremier seeming relationship with a benign associate as QData hosting is mainly due to the proximity of the two companies. QData however cannot be described as a potential candidate for market leadership. It features basic floor space, power, connectivity, environmental control, physical security, management services of websites, firewall internet security services. QData is not keen on investing in advanced technology. Of course iPremier has recognized these realities and the imminence of a shift to another facility. What makes the resolve pending final enactment is due to iPremiers being enamoured with and just concentrates on its growth track that has been consistent. They have been busy with their progress. Then there is the consideration of expense that will be incurred in the shift: at three times more than their current cost with QData. iPremier is likewise extensively dwelling on the effect of eventual disruption of service to customers during the transition. Finally, one of the founders of iPremier has a sense of indebtedness to QData who has stood by iPremier during the difficult times of iPremier during the early days of its operations. QData was more than willing to sustain their contracts. HOW IPREMIER AND ITS EXISTING OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES STAND Strength - iPremier is presently and considerably a lead player in the new economy of internet marketing. At 50% annual growth rate, it was able to hold its water during the 2000 NASDAQ crash. Its high-end customers are varied and transactions are smoothly settled via credit card online and on the spot. In return, the goodwill of iPremier to its customers is illustrated via its flexible policies on purchase satisfaction before finally deciding on keeping their purchases. Weakness The technical and technological support of the seemingly efficient marketing and management realities of iPremier need to be thoroughly re-evaluated. What has arisen with the hacking incidence may be a blessing in disguise enabling further evaluation as to what could possibly brew further. Opportunities The customer satisfaction level of iPremier is secure. Therefore, customer satisfaction will translate to improved turnover of business. There is the word of mouth effect that is truly profound. There are repeat orders that can be harnessed. Threats A weak technical support that will eventually no longer cope to the potential of market growth - will have a very drastic effect. New Economy businesses are highly sensitive because the only thing that customers bank on is the efficiency of online transactions. Customers who will face a minutest difficulty on online transactions will simply click away to find alternative providers. ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS As verily pointed out by the operations staff of iPremier, it is reckoned that with appropriate modernization of computing infrastructure, growth could be accomplished by adding installations in other facilities, rather than by expanding floor space in existing facility. iPremier has not gotten on the drawing board to truly work this concept out. The perspective of the operations department is to augment their existing business volume that will ensure that their efficiency to present customer service is sustained and that no hitches can immediately transpire. RECOMMENDED SOLUTION Bob Turley as the protagonist must reckon that his is the mandate to attack iPremiers suspected deficit in operating procedures as what the CEO advised him during his appointment time. Therefore, there is the overall picture that needs in-depth analysis beyond the technical and technological aspects. The need for paradigm shift might come to fore: as it is the battlecry of change. As an exemplification, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development developed their processes and procedures in their website management. And an overview says: When HUDs website debuted in 1995, we made a discover: citizens expect to get information and services directly from HUD. Some managers objected: Citizens arent our customers. We work through intermediaries. Were wholesalers not retailers. The web changed this paradigm. It caused HUD to create a new product: citizen-centered information and services. We began by examining our audiences: what do they want to know? What do we want to tell them? Within months, we refocused our website on homes and communities not HUD. We drew content from inside and outside of HUD, adding value by organizing it in ways that make sense to citizens. When we encountered voids in content that citizens wanted, we became entrepreneurial. In 2000, we began teaching free Web Clinics, encouraging HUDs grantees and partners to create content to which we link. We developed free software - HUDs Web Clinic Wizard - to make it easy for them to build websites. (HUD, 2005) [underline supplied] Turley must diagnose the true flow of operational procedures. Whatever logistical support that each process and procedure requires must be prescribed with solutions in two phases: interim short term to progress to long term stable solution. Turley and Ripley must for once and for all make a comprehensive analysis of what happened in the incidence. They will have to take off from there to solidly support a firm course of action. If an overhaul may come to pass in its technical support, then it should be so. Turley must awaken his CEO that with a sustained 50% annual growth, a reasonable investment can be worked out to upgrade technical facilities. Venturing to change requires the firm commitment to succeed. With that vision in mind, playing the devils advocate may come to fore. Making a decision towards either a calculable or incalculable repercussion entails the same thing: risk. However, there are already a thousand and one other cases and situations that embarking on a vision is half the battle won. For example, Merck & Co. Inc. encountered a situation while it was working on its Invermectin veterinary drug. In 1978, Dr. P. Roy Vagelos, then head of the Merck research laboratories, received a provocative memorandum from a senior researcher in parasitology, Dr. William c. Campbell. Dr. Campbell had made an intriguing observation while working with Ivermectin, a new antiparasitic compound under investigation for use in animals. Campbell thought that Ivermectin might be the answer to a disease called river blindness that plagued millions in the Third World. But to find out if Campbells hypohesis had merit, Merck would have to spend millions of dollars to develop the right formulation for human use and to conduct the field trials in the most remoted parts of the world. Evn if these efforts produced an effective and safe drug, vitually none of those afflicted with river blindness could afford to buy it. Dr. Vagelos.had to decide whether to invest in research for a drug that, even if successful, might never pay for itself[Yet] Despite these risks, Dr. Vagelos wondered what the impact might be of turning down Dr. Campbells proposal. Merck had built a research team dedicated to alleviating human suffering..Ultimately, Dr. Vagelos who had to make the decision whether or not to fund research toward a treatment for river blindness. (Weiss, Bollier, 1994) [underline supplied] Furthermore, Turley can work out with Business Development and Marketing how they could increase on product line offerings. Congruent to an efficient operating procedure is the capability to expand product lines and market base. As Turley can warrant that re-investment in the total operating process will be returned by an invigorated market activity, there can be no stopping on the potential of iPremier both in service efficiency and turnover. A re-invigorated market activity depends on loyal customers and they must indeed be built upon. They are the bastions that will warrant the risks to achieve success and a vision and deciding on new investments. Curious things are happening. More and more companies, it seems are trying to turn us into loyal customers. We read about it .. We hear about it..Companies in every industry are saying they want us around for the long term. They say THEIR FUTURE SUCCESS ACTUALLY DEPENDS ON KEEPING US IN THE FOLD. Executives proclaim that THE ONLY PROFITABLE CUSTOMER IS A LOYAL ONE and that the only way to grow a good business is by building a good relationships. (Heil, Parker, Stephens, 1997) [upper case provided] PERSPECTIVE AND PROSPECT: Paramount to real business growth is a balancing act of recycling. Meaning, a portion of sustainable growth must be re-invested. This balancing act is an armor towards calculable changes that market environments and business environments pose within the realm of customer responses. Customer needs and satisfaction can become variable overnight. A satisfactory level of service, even if sustained and consistently attained, is not a laurel to simply rest with Recognizing changes and adopting and adapting to them is a more prudent and dynamic business resolve than merely sitting on growth and continue playing profits with intangible fixed income investments or money market or stocks. Capital expenditures are honest expressions of a companys true recognition of the goodwill of customers and the intention towards improving customer relationships. What Turley and iPremier will risk is of course a sizeable reduction in the companys cash flow. With a solid blueprint on maximizing customer satisfaction towards increasing product line and customer base, the hesitation will be alleviated. The confidence of any transitional and bold dynamics in a business must be a unanimous consensus amongst its executives. It is only in unified faith and confidence that a business expansion and operational upliftment can be realized. There may be setbacks in infusing new ideas into a company. Creating a vision and the ability to share a vision and gather everyone to unite behind the process of success is a challenging hurdle and yet a rewarding exercise and a demonstration of skill. Generating a vision for an organization is held to b important, because from that platform the enterprise is helped to model strategic plans and provide a kind of touchstone for goal setting [Allen, 1995]. An effective vision is considered ot be one which defines ways INTO THE FUTURE[but] do not expect that everyone will buy into your ideas. There will always be those who will not want to come to board [Moorhouse in Shells video, 1996]. He argues that there will be always be people who cannot be motivated to join in, and that these persons will need to be moved aside into less critical positions. (Kakabadse and Kakabadse, 1998) [upper case provided] At the end of the day, no guts, not glory. References: HUDs Web Management Operating Procedures. June 1, 2005 Weiss, S. and Bollier, D., 1994. Merck , A Case Study. International business Case Studies. Edited by Robert T. Moran, David O. Braaten and John E. Walsh, Jr. p. 309, 314 Kakabadse, N.K. and Kakabadse, A. P. 1998. Vison,Visionary Leadership and the Visioning Process: An Overview. Success in Sight. Edited by Andrew Kakabadse, Frederic Nortier and Nello-Bernard Abramovici. p. 1, 26 Heil, G., Parker, T., Stephens D.C. 1997. Building Relationships One Customer at a Time. One Size Fits Ones. P. 17

The Consequences of the Norman Conquest

The Consequences of the Norman Conquest William of Normandy’s success in the Norman Conquest of 1066, when he seized the crown from Harold II, used to be credited with bringing in a host of new legal, political and social changes to England, effectively marking 1066 as the start of a new age in English history. Historians now believe the reality is more nuanced, with more inherited from the Anglo-Saxons, and more developed as a reaction to what was happening in England, rather than the Normans simply recreating Normandy in their new land. Nevertheless, the Norman Conquest still bought many changes. The following is a list of the major effects. Anglo-Saxon elites, the largest landholders in England, were replaced by Franco-Normans. Those Anglo-Saxons nobles who had survived the battles of 1066 had the chance to serve William and retain power and land, but many rebelled over contentious issues, and soon William had turned away from compromise to importing loyal men from the continent. By William’s death, the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy was all but replaced. In the Domesday book of 1086, there are only four large English landowners. However, there may only have been around 25,000 Franco-Normans out of a population of two million when William died. There was not a massive importation of a new Norman population, just the people at the top.Much of the upper reaches of church government was replaced. By 1087, eleven of fifteen bishops were Norman, and only one of the other four was English. The church had power over people and land, and now William had power over them.Castles: Anglo-Saxons did not, in general, build castles, a nd the Normans started a huge building program in order to help secure their power. The most common early type was wooden, but stone followed. The castle building habits of the Normans has left a mark on England still visible to the eye (and the tourist industry is thankful for it.) The importance of receiving land from a lord in return for loyalty and service grew enormously under the Normans, who created a system of land tenure unmatched in Europe. Quite how homogenous this system was (probably not very), and whether it can be called feudal (probably not) are still being discussed. Before the conquest, Anglo-Saxons owed an amount of service based on regularized units of land holding; afterward, they owed service based entirely on the settlement they had achieved with their overlord or the king.The idea that a person held two types of land – his ‘patrimony’ / family land which he had inherited, and his extended lands which he had conquered – and the idea that these lands could go to different heirs, came into England with the Normans. Familial relationships, of heirs to parents, changed as a result.The links between Scandinavia and England were deeply severed. Instead, England was brought closer to events in France and this region of the continent, leading to the Angevin Empire and then the Hundred Years War. Before 1066 England had seemed destined to stay in the orbit of Scandinavian, whose conquerors had taken hold of large chunks of the British Isles. After 1066 England looked south. Increased use of writing in government. While the Anglo-Saxons had written some things down, Anglo-Norman government vastly increased it.After 1070, Latin replaced English as the language of government.The power of the earls was reduced after Anglo-Saxon rebellions. Earls now held less land, with correspondingly reduced wealth and influence.Royal forests, with their own laws, were created.Higher taxes: most monarchs are criticized for heavy taxes, and William I was no exception. But he had to raise funds for the occupation and pacification of England.A new court, known as the Lords, honourial or seigniorial, was created. They were held, as the name suggests, by lords for their tenants, and have been called a key part of the â€Å"feudal† system.Murdrum fines: if a Norman was killed, and the killer not identified, the entire English community could be fined. That this law was needed perhaps reflects on the problems faced by the Norman raiders.Trial by battle was introduced.Ther e was a large decline in the numbers of free peasants, who were lower class workers who could quit their land in search of new landlords. Far more English land was given to continental monasteries, to hold as ‘alien priories’, then before the Norman Conquest. Indeed, more monasteries were founded in England.Continental architecture was imported en mass. Every major Anglo-Saxon cathedral or abbey, apart from Westminster, was rebuilt bigger and more fashionably. Parish churches were also widely rebuilt in stone.

When DIY Bites You in the Butt

When DIY Bites You in the Butt We are an industrious lot. We want to know how someone did what he did successfully, so we can do it, too . . . or do it better. Or do it ourselves instead of buying the other guys product. Or do it ourselves to save money . . . or to maintain creativity as our own instead of splitting its ownership. Its called DIY, or do-it-yourself, and we cant stand not to try doing it ourselves if it means more benefits for us. I love to bake. I hate recipes that have boxed mixes or tell me to save time As writers, we fight that battle uphill to publish a book. How hard can it be to format that manuscript in Word? How difficult can a cover be? Surely I can learn how to upload books. We read directions, study what others have done, then grit our teeth, determined to do it ourselves. Then invariably, after weve erred, redone and cursed our mistakes, we reach a point where we ask ourselves and our friends: It doesnt look bad for me doing it myself, does it? And right there youve compromised your storys future. Youve cobbled together what others do for a living. Youve decided to settle for less than professional. You think others wont notice, because they havent learned what youve learned, and tried what youve tried. When youve poured your soul into writing, you need to equally pour your soul into its proper publication. You have two choices when doing anything in life: 1) Take the time to become an expert at it, or 2) Hire the expert. Just know that anything in between is settling. When it comes to baking a cake, Ill settle for my Milky Way Cake from scratch. Its meant to be rustic, gooey and not exactly straight around the edges. But when I need a cake for someones 50th anniversary, believe me, Im hiring someone wholl give me the presentation needed to respect the grand auspiciousness of the occasion.

Condoleezza Rice - On Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Condoleezza Rice - On Leadership - Essay Example She was the first woman to occupy this key post of national security adviser. She is the most academic member of the Bush foreign affairs team and, because of her gender, background and youth, one of the most distinctive. The recent Forbes ranking of the world’s most powerful women, Rice still placed at the top despite the Bush administration’s supposed failed policies in Iraq. Richard Melanson (2005) in examining American foreign policy commented that Rice proved a relatively weak national security advisor because she generally deferred to the vice president and the secretary of state. (p. 322) Supposedly, this was unfortunate because the â€Å"group think† environment in which the basic assumptions about the world and America’s role in it went unchallenged within this inner circle of policymakers. But this is wrong. Melanson’s commentary in fact underscored a manifestation of Fiedler’s Contingency Model in Rice’s style during the mentioned circumstances. As the national security advisor, Rice was not expected to originate or debate ideas, and single out any particular view within the Bush administration. This finds credence in Simon Serfaty’s argument. To quote: Her primary responsibility was to absorb al of the ideas, all equally plausible and all convincing in different measure, before compressing them in ways that would enable the president, in words of one of her predecessors, â€Å"to perceive the essential among a mass of apparent facts† and â€Å"to impose some direction,† meaning make decisions which Rice would then coordinate and implement. (p. 86) In short, Rice played the part. She had displayed an impeccable ability to remain in the sidelines in serving a wider and greater objective. Her teamwork approach displayed a subtle self-confidence, sensitivity to others a degree of determination that supersede all else in order to achieve goals. One must remember that Rice had a direct access to

Todays Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Todays Woman - Essay Example For example, in the bible when the first human was created who is Adam, God saw that the man was very lonely and he need a companion and a helper as he was in-charge of the whole world. God created the woman (Eve) from the ribs of Adam and therefore human beings have interpreted that the woman is inferior to man. As a result of her supposed inferiority, the woman took the female role of being a house wife and a helper to the man and all the decisions were made by the man and in some of the cultures, this has been the trend to this day. Most of the time much of the women’s work has remained unrecognized and to some extent, undervalued, be it economically, politically, socially, or culturally. For example, many house chores are seen to be very easy, but in a day, a woman is supposed to prepare meals three times and at the same time do the cleaning while also taking care of the kids. If the total number of hours that both women and men work is put together, the woman works for mo re hours compared to a man (Gupta 73). In today’s society, the world is going through social change and the role of women as being house wives is changing. Today women are being educated and as a result, they are occupying high powered positions and influential careers, which have brought a fresh outlook and a positive impact in the society. This paper discusses the positions of women in today’s society and the positive impacts they are making. The Role of Women in Literature Many women have been victimized for their attempts in the field of writing. This is because literature was a male dominated field and for a woman to get a position in literature, it has not been an easy task. Most women in these patriarchal societies have seen their gender as being a very big and painful obstacle towards the success of their writing careers. The nineteenth century saw the emergence of elite and educated women in America and Europe. Since then, this has presented threats to the soc ieties which are very rooted in patriarchy, as women can represent themselves even in public arenas and that means empowering women (Pastor and Lloyd 2-3). During the second half of the twentieth century, Latin America saw an emerging and influential group of women writers, who have left an authoritative legacy through their literature. Most of these writers concentrated on their historical marginalization, but the trend is changing and the modern women writers have embarked on different themes like those of science and mathematics among others. The women are now seen to have positive impacts in the society from all aspects of their literature. In America, there have been many women writers who have contributed a lot to literature. Examples of these women include Zora Neale Hurston and Toni Morrison among others. Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) is a re-known folklorist and writer, who is celebrated for her great impact on the culture of the African American society of the rural south (Britannica Educational Publishing, American Literature 131). She is also remembered for the contributions that she had on the Harlem Renaissance. Harlem Renaissance was an African American culture, which involved creative arts and that had a lot of influence in the African American history. The impact of this was that it helped the black people to be proud of their heritage and re-conceptualize the stereotypes from the whites that had affected their heritage to each other. It has also served as the basis of all African American literature as well as black literature worldwide (Britannica Educa

The Holistic Assessment of a Patient Admitted to a Hospital :: Nursing Medical Papers Surgery

The purpose of this essay is to describe the holistic assessment of a 66 year old male patient who has been admitted to hospital for bowel surgery following the diagnosis of a cancerous tumor. The operation will result in the patient having a part of his bowel removed after which the patient will require a colostomy bag for the elimination of feces (see patient profile in appendix 1 for further details). A Pseudonym will be used to protect the patient’s confidentiality and he will be referred to as ‘Peter’ in this essay which is in line with the nurses’ code of conduct guidelines (NMC 2002). The process of the assessment will be described along with the nursing model chosen. The nursing model gives the student nurse a framework to help direct and guide her throughout the assessment process (Aggleton and Chalmers, 2000). The Roper, Tierney and Logan model (1986) has been chosen as it is the model the ward follows for all assessment procedures. The assessment process using the Roper, Tierney and Logan model is holistic because it relates to the study of the human being as a whole rather than its individual parts. A holistic view point includes two basic beliefs: 1) The individual always responds as a unified whole, 2) Individuals as a whole are different from and more than the sum of their parts (Pearson, Vaughan and Fitzgerald, 2000). Thus the assessment process would not be as accurate if you concentrated on individual systems or parts of the human body. This holistic approach takes into consideration the biological, social and cultural factors that will affect the outcome of the assessment. The nursing process was introduced as a method of nursing that concerns itself with individual’s physical, social and psychological reactions to disease, and which takes into account that the patient is a member of society, which may affect his reaction to disease (Faulkner, 1996). The nursing process is a sequence of steps (Person, Vaughan and Fitzgerald, 1997) passed through in order to achieve the

Democracy and Jim Crow

The United States of America is proud to be known as the land of the free. Its representative democracy Is supposed to hold the consent of all American colleens and make sure the constitution and equality Is upheld; however, Its state of government has been actively partaking In actively and rulings that do not benefit the whole of America. In fact, many of the state's decisions have been working against specific racial minorities and creating a criminal justice system that almost mirrors the racist statues implemented after the Civil War, called the Jim Crow laws.This New Jim Crow unfairly targets minority races, sentences them harsher in court, and leaves them and their families to deal with the immense consequences. These consequences not only trap them in a cycle of poverty and immobility, but take away many of the rights that are supposed to be granted to every citizen of the United States. These policies are pushing the U. S. Democracy back toward pre-Call War mentalities, maki ng African-Americans' (and other minority groups') voices Irrelevant and unheard. Power and authority rest In the state.While these two words seem honeymoons, they hold two very different meanings. Power Is the ability to make someone do something they would not normally do through the use of force and authority is the justifiable right to exercise that power. Only legitimate authorities have the consent of the people, while illegitimate authorities simply hold power over the governed, regardless to how the people feel. The united States of America claims to be a democracy, a state that has consent of the governed peoples.However, is that truly the case? By questioning the idea of democracy in the United States, one must look who olds the power in this country and whether or not we can consider the state working toward the overall benefit and happiness of country at large. The state Is defined as â€Å"a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory† (Dobra, Walden, and Bezel 2012:37).While many people would recognize the government as a legitimate authority, that can and should be allowed to use force, the government may not exactly be using their power in a way that is equally beneficial and fair to all its citizens. Power is seen as any â€Å"individual, group or structural capacity to achieve intended effects as a result of force, influences, or authority† (Dobra, Walden, and Bezel 2012:3). The government and its officials hold the power; however, are they using that power democratically, with the consent of all the citizens in the ASSAI?In a democracy everyone should be granted the opportunity to participate in decisions of the political state once you are considered an adult citizen of that state (Dobra, Walden, and Bezel 2012:47) whether it be by voting or simply having the right to participate as much or as little as you want. In the United States' democracy, It Is thought that we have the ability to vote and have equal opportunity In all political decisions. In reality, the democratic freedoms and rights that the united States Is known for can be taken away or be made unavailable all too easily.Democracies, for their country, through voting or participating in a Jury, among other things. Yet, our â€Å"democracy' has somehow managed to covertly bring race and racist practices back into government. Many different aspects of the state help to create and enforce practices that work against the core values of democracy. The criminal Justice system, including police officers, courts, and Jails/prisons, encompass institutional racism, putting some racial groups at a disadvantage, but not through overtly discriminatory mechanisms.Ingrained stereotypical images of minority groups, heavy focus on impoverished areas, and leniency on drugs and/or crimes that are more associated with white people, cause this institutional racism. While individuals work ing for the state may not have these factors in mind, the system and our society have been shaped to be more aware of and give harsher punishments to people of color Alexander, 2012). Throughout history America's government has used race as a determinate factor on one's social standing and level of capability.In the late sass's Jim Crow laws were enacted in order to establish a â€Å"separate but equal† status for African Americans. In 1868, Amendment XIV gave black men full citizenship and promised them equal protection under the law. The northern victory in the Civil War and this amendment allowed blacks to vote, run for and win elected office positions, and serve on Juries. However, 10 years later when federal troops withdrew from the South, returning it to local white rule, this equal protection slowly disintegrated. In the twenty years after the fourteenth amendment was formed, blacks would lose almost all that they had gained.The freedoms and rights they had previously thought were guaranteed were being denied to them. This denial was made legal by Jim Crow laws, a series of racist statutes. These laws were implemented in order to appease white southerners and take back the rights that were granted to former slaves. While the fourteenth amendment granted citizenship to everyone born in the United States, including blacks, and protected individual's rights of citizenship, the Jim Crow laws specifically worked to destroy that. Citizenship allows one to vote.Therefore, Jim Crow laws could not necessarily take the right to vote completely away, however they implemented restrictions on registering to vote in order to assure that blacks would not be able to have a say. Through literacy tests and other prerequisites, the amount of blacks that were eligible to vote diminished rapidly. These were originally found to be constitutional because they did not specifically attack one group of people due to heir race, ethnicity, or background. However, these laws targeted the black community by aiming at their weaknesses.Since the majority of southern blacks were former slaves, they did not have wealth, a prestigious line of ancestry, or the necessary skills or network to seek employment out of servitude. The requirements to register to vote became nearly impossible for a black man to achieve. Some states required a literacy test knowing that former slaves were banned from learning how to read and write. If the slaves did become literate, there were many other stipulations that stood in the way of them registering to vote.There was a restriction on lineage, requiring that a grandparent had to have been a voter in order for you to become a voter. This was quite impossible for the majority of blacks, for the obvious reason that their grandparents were slaves themselves or had not been born in the United States so they were not voting citizens. Jim Crow laws took advantage of any government and hopefully be reduced back down to slavery or clos e to it. Implementing poll taxes and requirements to own property targeted blacks lack of monetary funds (Alexander 2012).As former slaves, they did not have a lot of money ND they definitely did not have extra money to waste on poll taxes. Even if they were granted land to purchase and had the money, most property owners would not sell to a black man. Last but not least, the â€Å"good character† clause was enacted. This is seemingly a last resort. If a black man met all the former stipulations, the poll workers could simply give a reason as to why they question his character and deny him the ability to register. The â€Å"good character† rule is purely based on opinion.Along with restrictions on voting registration, Jim Crow laws were also enacted to include restrictions on marriage, housing, public institutions and even times of day one could be outside. These were created to ensure that blacks were segregated as much as possible from the white community, being â₠¬Å"separate but equal. † In Please vs†¦ Ferguson, the Supreme Court found this idea constitutional; however, while restrooms, schools, train cars, and even neighborhoods became separate, they were rarely ever equal.Laws were even established that segregated blacks from living in white neighborhoods through making it illegal to live on a block in which the majority of residents were people that you could not marry. Laws banning interracial marriage were established before this. This ensured that blacks and whites would not live together, forcing blacks into parts of the town that were more impoverished. To further belittle former slaves, most buildings, restrooms and drinking fountains were separated with â€Å"whites only' and â€Å"blacks only' signs, showing an unwillingness to even share water with a different race.These â€Å"separate but equal† practices were highly discriminatory and not constitutional; however, the government was oblivious to this fact or chose to ignore it for quite a while. Brown vs†¦ Board of Education was one of the first cases to point out the flaws in the â€Å"separate but equal† practices. In that hearing, the Supreme Court decided that it was unconstitutional and detrimental to minority children to have separate public schools (Alexander 2012: 36). This court case was the first to rule that â€Å"separate but equal† was unconstitutional. This began the unraveling of Jim Crow.Separate public schools for white and black children were deemed unconstitutional and a violation of the 14th amendment, leading the way towards complete integration and more victories for the civil rights movement. After the first victory in court, African-American's continued their pursuit of civil rights and liberties, leading to the establishment of more equal practices. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, outlawed many forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic and religious minorities and women. It ended the abilit y to create unequal requirements in order to register to vote.Furthermore, it desegregated the school system completely, along with the workplace and public accommodations (Alexander 2012: 39). This eliminated Jim Crow laws, but it could not change the minds of those who supported them. The Voting Rights Act (1965) and Fair Housing Act (1968) outlawed discriminatory voting practices and provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race or national origin; two things that had been responsible for the widespread the fifteenth amendment, making sure that no requirement or prerequisite was present in order to vote or to register.This way no citizen was denied the right to vote, no matter what race or ethnic background. The Housing Act also prohibits discrimination due to race, color, religion, or national origin. One cannot refuse to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of those particular traits. However, landlords are not required to rent to anyone that applies, the y may deny someone based off of other criteria, like the applicant's suspected ability to pay rent.While the civil rights movement desegregated American and won back the black population's rights as citizens, this victory did not last long. These Acts seemed to have given the African-American population equality; however, there were many loopholes in which inequality still thrived; the biggest one being the 13th amendment's exception on slavery, allowing it only as a form of punishment for a crime (Alexander 2012:31). The 20th century changes in voter laws gave blacks the ability to change the political landscape and thus challenge white male corporate power.Yet, in the 40 years since the Civil Rights Movement, corporations (and the politicians that serve them) have been taking that power back by systematically attempting to deny African Americans the right to vote. This is where the birth of the New Jim Crow grew from. The New Jim Crow laws are more implicit and do not include over t racial language, however they are Just as bad. While they do not include specific details that are unique to one group of people, they create practices that unfairly attack minority groups through focusing on more impoverished communities and creating unequal punishments for crimes associated more with minorities.The War on Drugs is the main contributor to these New Jim Crow laws. This â€Å"war† gave America a reason to view racial minorities as the bad guys. Through the establishment of certain laws, such as establishing a 100 to 1 sentencing disparity for the possession or trafficking of crack, compared to penalties for trafficking of powder cocaine (Alexander 2012), there is a heavier focus on minority groups and larger criticism of their drug use due to increased arrested.The minimum mandatory sentence for small amounts of drugs associated with minorities, like crack, are equivalent to large amounts of drugs that are commonly used by white people, like powder cocaine. Furthermore, minority groups that get arrested for drug charges are more likely to receive a harsher punishment than if someone white were to be arrested. With the combination of severe and unbalanced drug possession laws along with the rates of conviction in terms of race, the Judicial system has created a huge racial disparity.Due to the belief that culture is responsible for black poverty, the government abstinently erased their role in fostering this poverty, â€Å"forgotten are the failed schools, the malign welfare programs, the desolate neighborhoods, [and] the wasted years† (Alexander 2012:53). This war on drugs and the huge push for â€Å"law and order† practices in inner cities or poor, black neighborhoods have caused lastly economic effects. The state is responsible for the negative effects that the black population is dealing with today.The war on drugs was supposed to be a crack down on drug users and sellers; however, it disproportionately targeted racial minorities and the hat focused on these inner cities and racial profiled community members to be targets of â€Å"stop and frisks. † In accordance with police officers increased amounts of arrests, courts were sentencing people of racial minorities longer prison terms than their white counterparts. To fit the influx of prisoners, more state institutions needed to be built.From the streets to incarceration, the criminal Justice system and state institutions have been flawed and seemingly corrupt. These actions only hinder the groups of people targeted and lead to an endless cycle of poverty and immobility. In the drug war, police have discretion regarding who to target (which individuals), as well as where to target (which neighborhoods or communities)† (Alexander 2012:123), enforcing strict policing in impoverished urban areas in which the majority of residents are of a racial minority.These police departments are bribed with monetary incentives in order to make drug-l aw enforcement top priority and step away from violent crimes to focus on inner city drug crimes. This is the state, the federal government, using resources to create inequality and put a target on areas where racial minorities are most common. Our society has established a stereotypical image of a criminal that includes darker skin color. This way of thinking is not only detrimental to certain ethnic groups, but establishes and enhances racial profiling.Police departments not only partake in racial profiling, they are taught to do so. The training program known as â€Å"Operation Pipeline† teaches officers how to â€Å"use perceptual traffic stops and consent searches on a large scale for drug interdiction† (Alexander 2012:70). This is enforcing the idea to make bias Judgments on civilians, stopping people who fit the profile of a rug user or criminal even if they are doing nothing wrong and there is no probable cause to stop or search them. Along with racial profilin g comes another unconstitutional practice implemented by our government agencies: the stop and frisk rule.This rule allows police officers to stop anyone they wish to and question or frisk them, as long as they have â€Å"reasonable articulate suspicion† (Alexander 2012: 63). People of color in impoverished neighbors grow accustom to stopping and spreading their arms up and onto the nearest wall whenever a police officer comes into view. This shows Just how common they are targeted. No matter if they are in a car, taking the bus, or simply walking down the street, racial minorities are aware that they unequally hold police attention, based solely on their appearances.Along with the unequal amounts of police attention, people of color also get unequal sentencing and conviction ratings. While the mandatory sentence for a large amount of cocaine, associated with the white population, is five years; the mandatory minimum sentence for small amounts of crack, associated with urban poor, is also five years (Alexander 2012). These longer felony sentences are unfair and lead to huge repercussions that a small drug offense should not create. Many people question why it seems like black fathers are always out of the picture.This may be due to the fact that a large percent of the black male population is under some form of incarceration and cannot be present for his family. The higher and unequal incarceration of colored males leaves many women alone and forces them to become a single parent. While nothing is wrong with being a single parent, it stifles their consequences that being in Jail produces psychologically, prisoners face tons of active reinforcement when they are released from prison, as if being locked up was not punishment enough.Since a majority of impoverished black men are targeted for searches and questioning, a large number of convicts come from poor areas. When they are released with no money, no Job, and no way of getting end meats; they are forc ed to straight back to the neighborhood that caused their problems and will most likely get involved in some form of illegal activity to earn a few bucks. Ex-convicts resort to illegal activities because the black mark on their record hinders them of getting any respectable Job. Being a felon is seen extremely negatively.Along with Job discrimination, felons lose their right to vote, their ability to receive welfare or student loans, and live in subsidized housing. Revoking all of these things leaves many felons, homeless, Jobless and on the road back to imprisonment. Our government does not have the consent of all it governs because a large portion of â€Å"the land of the free† is behind bars and without a voice. Racial minorities are unfairly targeted, imprisoned and revoked of their rights. This is pushing America backwards, toward slavery, a time when only white males had to right to an opinion.

My Business Ideas About The Talent Management - 778 Words

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